il y a, c'est or il est?
There is, it's a thing, he's an adjective
In English: Three openers English speakers mix up: il y a (there is / there are), c'est (it's / he's + a noun with an article, or a name) and il est (he / it is + an adjective, a job or a nationality with no article).
Il y a means there is or there are, and it never changes: il y a un chat, il y a des chats. It says that something exists somewhere. The classic mistake is 'il est un chat sur le toit'. No: il y a un chat sur le toit.
C'est means it's, he's or she's, and it wants a noun with a small word in front (un, une, le, la, mon, ce...) or a name: c'est mon vélo, c'est Léa, c'est un bon film. It also gives a comment on a situation: c'est facile, c'est dommage. In the plural, ce sont.
Il est and elle est take an adjective on its own, or a job or nationality with no article: il est fatigué, elle est médecin, il est belge. English says 'she's a doctor'; French drops the 'a': elle est médecin. Add an adjective to the job and you flip back to c'est: c'est une bonne médecin.
Examples
Does something exist somewhere? Il y a. Is the next word un, une, le, la, mon or a name? C'est. Is it a bare adjective, job or nationality? Il est.
Practice (sample)
Fill the blank
- ______ un chat sur le toit. (There's a cat on the roof)
Il y a / C'est / Il estAnswer
Il y a. Something exists somewhere: il y a. Il est un chat is the classic mistake. - ______ ma sœur. (That's my sister)
C'est / Il y a / Elle estAnswer
C'est. Ma + noun: c'est. - ______ infirmière. (She's a nurse)
Elle est / C'est / Il y aAnswer
Elle est. A job with no article: elle est infirmière. - ______ des nuages ce matin. (There are clouds)
Il y a / Ce sont / Ils sontAnswer
Il y a. Clouds exist in the sky: il y a. It never becomes plural. - ______ dommage ! (That's a pity!)
C'est / Il y a / Il estAnswer
C'est. A comment on a situation: c'est dommage. - ______ trois heures. (It's three o'clock)
Il est / C'est / Il y aAnswer
Il est. Time of day always uses il est.
The online game draws fresh questions from a bank of 28, in two levels.